Stapling and cutting to default values in the event of strain gauge data integrity loss

ABSTRACT

A powered surgical device includes a power source and a motor coupled to the power source. The device may also include a transmission assembly movable by the motor. The device may also include a sensor configured to monitor operation of the transmission assembly and output sensor data. The device may also include a controller configured to: determine position of the transmission assembly and operate the motor based on the position of the transmission assembly and an interruption in the sensor data.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to surgical devices. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to handheld electromechanical surgical systems for performing surgical procedures.

2. Background of Related Art

Circular staplers are used in a surgical procedure to reattach rectum portions that were previously transected, or similar procedures. Conventional circular clamping, cutting and stapling instruments include a pistol or linear grip-styled structure having an elongated shaft extending therefrom and a staple cartridge supported on the distal end of the elongated shaft. In this instance, a physician may insert an anvil assembly of the circular stapling instrument into a rectum of a patient and maneuver the anvil assembly up the colonic tract of the patient toward the transected rectum portions. The physician may also insert the remainder of the circular stapling instrument (including the cartridge assembly) through an incision and toward the transected rectum portions. The anvil and cartridge assemblies are approximated toward one another, and staples are ejected from the cartridge assembly toward the anvil assembly to form the staples in tissue to affect an end-to-end anastomosis, and an annular knife is advanced to core a portion of the clamped tissue portions. After the end-to-end anastomosis has been affected, the circular stapling apparatus is removed from the surgical site.

Powered surgical staplers have been developed and utilize one or more motors to clamp, cut, and staple tissue. These staplers also include one or more sensors, which provide feedback used in controlling the motors. If the sensor feedback is lost during one of the steps (e.g., stapling), conventional powered staplers may need to abort the process, which can result in a potentially dangerous situation where the stapler is stuck with the tissue clamped in the stapler. Recovery of the stapler may result in a loss of tissue and may prevent forming of an anastomosis at that site, especially in cases where there is a limited amount of tissue.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a powered stapler having a strain gauge sensor configured to monitor forces during a stapling process ejecting a plurality of staples and/or a cutting processing advancing a knife to sever stapled tissue. If the strain gauge fails during the stapling process the powered stapler is configured to complete the stapling process and transition to a cutting process. In particular, if the strain gauge fails once stapling process has reached a point where aborting staples ejection is more dangerous than continuing without strain gauge feedback. A staple driver is moved to a default staple position, which is determined based on a lumen size being stapled and an offset factor, which is based on a variable force that is also dependent on the lumen size. Once the stapling process is completed, the powered stapler enters the cutting process, which moves a knife assembly to a default distance based on a tissue gap. The default cutting process is performed at a set, slower revolutions to prevent damage to the powered stapler and to minimize tissue pressure against the cutting assembly.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a powered surgical device is disclosed. The surgical device includes a power source and a motor coupled to the power source. The device may also include a transmission assembly movable by the motor. The device may also include a sensor configured to monitor operation of the transmission assembly and output sensor data. The device may also include a controller configured to: determine position of the transmission assembly and operate the motor based on the position of the transmission assembly and an interruption in the sensor data.

Implementations of the above embodiment may include one or more of the following features. According to one aspect of the above embodiment, the controller may be further configured to: operate the motor to complete a process in response to the position of the transmission assembly being at or beyond a threshold position. The controller may be further configured to operate the motor to terminate a process in response to the position of the transmission assembly being below the threshold position and the interruption in the sensor data. The surgical device may include a reload configured to selectively couple to the transmission assembly. The reload may include a plurality of staples ejectable from the reload by the transmission assembly. The reload further may include a cutting assembly. Completing the process may include advancing the transmission assembly and at least one of ejecting the plurality of staples or advancing the cutting assembly. Terminating the process may include retracting the transmission assembly. The sensor may include a strain gauge, which may be configured to measure force imparted on the transmission assembly.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a powered surgical device is disclosed. The surgical device may include a power source and a motor coupled to the power source. The device may also include a reload having a plurality of staples ejectable from the reload and a cutting assembly. The device may also include a stapling transmission assembly movable by the motor to eject the plurality of staples. The device may also include a cutting transmission assembly movable by the motor to advance the cutting assembly. The device may further include a sensor configured to monitor operation of the stapling transmission assembly and the cutting transmission assembly and to output sensor data. The device may also include a controller configured to: determine position of the stapling transmission assembly and the cutting transmission assembly. The controller may be also configured to operate the motor to move the stapling transmission assembly based on the position of the stapling transmission assembly and an interruption in the sensor data. The controller may be further configured to operate the motor to move the cutting transmission assembly based on the position of the cutting transmission assembly and an interruption in the sensor data.

Implementations of the above embodiment may include one or more of the following features. According to one aspect of the above embodiment, the controller may be further configured to operate the motor to complete a stapling process in response to the position of the stapling transmission assembly being at or beyond a threshold position. Completing the process may include advancing the stapling transmission assembly to eject the plurality of staples. The controller may be further configured to operate the motor to terminate the stapling process in response to the position of the stapling transmission assembly being below the threshold position and the interruption in the sensor data. Terminating the process may include retracting the stapling transmission assembly. The controller may be further configured to operate the motor to complete a cutting process in response to the position of the cutting transmission assembly being at or beyond a threshold position. Completing the process may include advancing the cutting transmission assembly to advance the cutting assembly. The controller may be further configured to operate the motor to terminate the cutting process in response to the position of the cutting transmission assembly being below the threshold position and the interruption in the sensor data. Terminating the process may include retracting the cutting transmission assembly. The sensor may include a strain gauge. The strain gauge is configured to measure force imparted on the stapling transmission assembly and the cutting transmission assembly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a powered circular stapler including a handle assembly, an adapter assembly, and an end effector, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the handle assembly, the adapter assembly, and the end effector of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of the adapter assembly and the end effector, an annular reload and an anvil assembly, attached to the adapter assembly of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a clamping transmission assembly disposed within the adapter assembly of FIG. 1 , shown partially in phantom;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a stapling transmission assembly disposed within the adapter assembly of FIG. 1 , shown partially in phantom;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a cutting transmission assembly disposed within the adapter assembly of FIG. 1 , shown partially in phantom;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a reload of the end effector of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the adapter assembly, shown partially disassembled, with a strain gauge assembly;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating travel distance and speed of the driver and a corresponding motor during a stapling sequence performed by the handheld surgical device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating travel distance and speed of the knife assembly and a corresponding motor during a cutting sequence performed by the handheld surgical device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the powered circular stapler during the stapling process of FIG. 9 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the powered circular stapler during the stapling process of FIG. 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the presently disclosed surgical devices, and adapter assemblies for surgical devices and/or handle assemblies are described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. As used herein the term “distal” refers to that portion of the surgical instrument, or component thereof, farther from the user, while the term “proximal” refers to that portion of the surgical instrument, or component thereof, closer to the user.

The present disclosure provides a powered circular stapler 10 having a handle assembly, an adapter assembly coupled to the handle assembly, and an end effector coupled to the adapter assembly. The stapler allows for full, independent control of three functions: clamping, stapling, and cutting. This allows certain portions of the stapler to adapt if the tissue presents a non-ideal situation.

FIG. 1 illustrates a surgical device, such as, for example, a powered circular stapler 10 for forming end-to-end anastomosis (“EEA”), including a handle assembly 100, which is configured for selective connection with an adapter assembly 200. The adapter assembly 200 is configured for selective connection with an end effector 300, which includes a reload 400 and an anvil assembly 500. The end effector 300 is configured to produce a surgical effect on tissue of a patient, namely, forming an anastomosis by connecting two portions of a structure (e.g., intestine, colon, etc.) by clamping, stapling, and cutting tissue grasped within the end effector 300.

The handle assembly 100 includes a power handle 101 and an outer shell housing 11 configured to selectively receive and encase power handle 101. The shell housing 11 includes a distal half-section 11 a and a proximal half-section 11 b pivotably connected to distal half-section 11 a. When joined, distal and proximal half-sections 11 a, 11 b define a shell cavity therein in which power handle 101 is disposed.

While the powered circular stapler 10 is described herein as a modular device including a plurality of interconnected components, such as the handle assembly 100, the removable shell housing 11, and the adapter assembly 200, etc. The powered circular stapler 10 may be formed as an integrated device with one or more of the components being securely attached to each other, e.g., during manufacturing of the powered circular stapler.

Distal and proximal half-sections 11 a, 11 b of shell housing 11 are divided along a plane that traverses a longitudinal axis “X” of adapter assembly 200. Distal half-section 11 a of shell housing 11 defines a connecting portion 20 configured to accept a corresponding drive coupling assembly 210 (FIG. 3 ) of adapter assembly 200. Distal half-section 11 a of shell housing 11 supports a toggle control button 30. Toggle control button 30 is capable of being actuated in four directions (e.g., a left, right, up and down).

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the power handle 101 includes a main controller circuit board 142, a rechargeable battery 144 configured to supply power to any of the electrical components of handle assembly 100, and a plurality of motors, i.e., a first motor 152 a, a second motor 152 b coupled to the battery 144. The power handle 101 also includes a display 146. In embodiments, the motors 152 a and 152 b may be coupled to any suitable power source configured to provide electrical energy to the motors 152 a and 152 b, such as an AC/DC transformer. Each of the motors 152 a and 152 b is coupled a motor controller 143 which controls the operation of the corresponding motors 152 a and 152 b including the flow of electrical energy from the battery 144 to the motors 152 a and 152 b. A main controller 147 is provided that controls the power handle 101. The main controller 147 is configured to execute software instructions embodying algorithms disclosed herein, such as clamping, stapling, and cutting algorithms which control operation of the power handle 101.

The motor controller 143 includes a plurality of sensors 408 a . . . 408 n configured to measure operational states of the motors 152 a and 152 b and the battery 144. The sensors 408 a-n include a strain gauge 408 b and may also include voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, telemetry sensors, optical sensors, and combinations thereof. The sensors 408 a-408 n may measure voltage, current, and other electrical properties of the electrical energy supplied by the battery 144. The sensors 408 a-408 n may also measure angular velocity (e.g., rotational speed) as revolutions per minute (RPM), torque, temperature, current draw, and other operational properties of the motors 152 a and 152 b. The sensor 408 a also includes an encoder configured to count revolutions or other indicators of the motors 152 a and 152 b, which is then use by the main controller 147 to calculate linear movement of components movable by the motors 152 a and 152 b. Angular velocity may be determined by measuring the rotation of the motors 152 a and 152 b or a drive shaft (not shown) coupled thereto and rotatable by the motors 152 a and 152 b. The position of various axially movable drive shafts may also be determined by using various linear sensors disposed in or in proximity to the shafts or extrapolated from the RPM measurements. In embodiments, torque may be calculated based on the regulated current draw of the motors 152 a and 152 b at a constant RPM. In further embodiments, the motor controller 143 and/or the main controller 147 may measure time and process the above-described values as a function of time, including integration and/or differentiation, e.g., to determine the rate of change in the measured values. The main controller 147 is also configured to determine distance traveled of various components of the adapter assembly 200 and/or the end effector 300 by counting revolutions of the motors 152 a and 152 b.

The motor controller 143 is coupled to the main controller 147, which includes a plurality of inputs and outputs for interfacing with the motor controller 143. In particular, the main controller 147 receives measured sensor signals from the motor controller 143 regarding operational status of the motors 152 a and 152 b and the battery 144 and, in turn, outputs control signals to the motor controller 143 to control the operation of the motors 152 a and 152 b based on the sensor readings and specific algorithm instructions. The main controller 147 is also configured to accept a plurality of user inputs from a user interface (e.g., switches, buttons, touch screen, etc. coupled to the main controller 147).

The main controller 147 is also coupled to a memory 141. The memory 141 may include volatile (e.g., RAM) and non-volatile storage configured to store data, including software instructions for operating the power handle 101. The main controller 147 is also coupled to the strain gauge 408 b of the adapter assembly 200 using a wired or a wireless connection and is configured to receive strain measurements from the strain gauge 408 b which are used during operation of the power handle 101.

The power handle 101 includes a plurality of motors 152 a and 152 b each including a respective motor shaft (not explicitly shown) extending therefrom and configured to drive a respective transmission assembly. Rotation of the motor shafts by the respective motors function to drive shafts and/or gear components of adapter assembly 200 in order to perform the various operations of handle assembly 100. In particular, motors 152 a and 152 b of power handle 101 are configured to drive shafts and/or gear components of adapter assembly 200 in order to selectively extend/retract a trocar member 274 (FIG. 4 ) of a trocar assembly 270 of adapter assembly 200. Extension/retraction of the trocar member 274 opens/closes end effector 300 (when anvil assembly 500 is connected to trocar member 274 of trocar assembly 270), fire an annular array of staples 423 of reload 400, and move an annular knife 444 of reload 400.

The reload 400 includes a storage device 402 configured to store operating parameters of the reload 400 including starting clamping force, maximum clamping force, a force factor, and the like. Each type of reload 400 may have a corresponding starting clamping force, which the main controller 147 may obtain automatically by reading the starting clamping force value from the storage device 402 and/or set manually by the user by selecting either the type of the reload 400 or the clamping force directly. Starting clamping force may be any suitable threshold from about 100 pounds to about 200 pounds, in embodiments, the target clamping force may be approximately 150 pounds. In embodiments, a 33 mm sized reload 400 may have a clamping force of about 150 lbs.

Turning now to FIGS. 3 and 4 , adapter assembly 200 includes an outer knob housing 202 and an outer tube 206 extending from a distal end of knob housing 202. Knob housing 202 and outer tube 206 are configured and dimensioned to house the components of adapter assembly 200. The knob housing 202 includes an electrical connector 312 and a storage device 310 coupled thereto. The storage device 310 is configured to store various operating parameters pertaining to the adapter assembly 200. Adapter assembly 200 is configured to convert rotation of coupling shafts (not explicitly shown) of handle assembly 100 into axial translations useful for operating trocar assembly 270 of adapter assembly 200, anvil assembly 500, and/or staple driver 430 or knife assembly 440 of reload 400.

Adapter assembly 200 further includes the trocar assembly 270 removably supported in a distal end of outer tube 206. Trocar assembly 270 includes a trocar member 274 and a drive screw 276 operably received within trocar member 274 for axially moving trocar member 274 relative to outer tube 206. A distal end 274 b of trocar member 274 is configured to selectively engage anvil assembly 500, such that axial movement of trocar member 274, via a rotation of drive screw 276, results in a concomitant axial movement of anvil assembly 500.

With reference to FIG. 4 , a clamping transmission assembly 240 includes first rotatable proximal drive shaft 212 coupled to one of the motors 152 a and 152 b, a second rotatable proximal drive shaft 281, a rotatable distal drive shaft 282, and a coupling member 286, each of which are supported within the outer tube 206 of adapter assembly 200. Clamping transmission assembly 240 functions to extend/retract trocar member 274 of trocar assembly 270 of adapter assembly 200, and to open/close the anvil assembly 510 when anvil assembly 510 is connected to trocar member 274.

With reference to FIG. 5 , the adapter assembly 200 includes a stapling transmission assembly 250 for interconnecting the first motor 152 a and a second axially translatable drive member of reload 400, wherein the stapling transmission assembly 250 converts and transmits a rotation of the first motor 152 a to an axial translation of an outer flexible band assembly 255 of adapter assembly 200, and in turn, the staple driver 430 of reload 400 to fire staples 423 from the reload 400 and against anvil assembly 510.

The stapling transmission assembly 250 of adapter assembly 200 includes the outer flexible band assembly 255 secured to staple driver coupler 254. A second rotatable proximal drive shaft 220 is coupled to the second motor 152 b and is configured to actuate that staple driver coupler 254, which converts rotational movement into longitudinal movement. Outer flexible band assembly 255 includes first and second flexible bands 255 a, 255 b laterally spaced and connected at proximal ends thereof to a support ring 255 c and at distal ends thereof to a proximal end of a distal pusher 255 d. Each of first and second flexible bands 255 a, 255 b is attached to support ring 255 c and distal pusher 255 d. Outer flexible band assembly 255 further includes first and second connection extensions 255 e, 255 f extending proximally from support ring 255 c. First and second connection extensions 255 e, 255 f are configured to operably connect outer flexible band assembly 255 to staple driver coupler 254 of stapling transmission assembly 250.

The adapter assembly 200 also includes a cutting transmission assembly 260 for interconnecting the second motor 152 b and the annular knife 444 of reload 400, wherein the cutting transmission assembly 260 converts and transmits a rotation of one of the second motor 152 b to an axial translation of an outer flexible band assembly 265 of adapter assembly 200, and in turn, a knife carrier 442 of reload 400 to advance the annular knife 444 from the reload 400 and against anvil assembly 510.

Inner flexible band assembly 265 includes first and second flexible bands 265 a, 265 b laterally spaced and connected at proximal ends thereof to a support ring 265 c and at distal ends thereof to a proximal end of a support base 265 d. Each of first and second flexible bands 265 a, 265 b are attached to support ring 265 c and support base 265 d.

Inner flexible band assembly 265 further includes first and second connection extensions 265 e, 265 f extending proximally from support ring 265 c. First and second connection extensions 265 e, 265 f are configured to operably connect inner flexible band assembly 265 to knife driver 264 of cutting transmission assembly 260. Support base 265 d extends distally from flexible bands 265 a, 265 b and is configured to connect with a knife assembly 440 of reload 400.

With reference to FIG. 7 , staple driver 430 of reload 400 includes a staple cartridge 420 having a driver adapter 432 and a driver 434. A proximal end 432 a of driver adapter 432 is configured for selective contact and abutment with distal pusher 255 d of outer flexible band assembly 255 of stapling transmission assembly 250 of adapter assembly 200. In operation, during distal advancement of outer flexible band assembly 255, as described above, distal pusher 255 d of outer flexible band assembly 255 contacts proximal end 432 a of driver adapter 432 to advance driver adapter 432 and driver 434 from a first or proximal position to a second or distal position. Driver 434 includes a plurality of driver members 436 aligned with staple pockets 421 of staple cartridge 420 for contact with staples 423. Accordingly, advancement of driver 434 relative to staple cartridge 420 causes ejection of the staples 423 from staple cartridge 420.

The knife assembly 440 of the reload 400 includes a knife carrier 442 and an annular knife 444 secured about a distal end 442 b of knife carrier 442. A proximal end 442 a of knife carrier 442 is configured to engage the support base 265 d of inner flexible band assembly. In operation, during distal advancement of inner flexible band assembly 265, support base 265 d of inner flexible band assembly 265 connects with proximal end 442 a of knife carrier 442 to advance knife carrier 442 and annular knife 444 from a first or proximal position to a second or advanced position to cause the cutting of tissue disposed between staple cartridge 420 and anvil assembly 510.

Forces during an actuation of trocar member 274, closing of end effector 300 (e.g., a retraction of anvil assembly 500 relative to reload 400), ejecting staples 423 from the reload 400, and advancement of the knife assembly 440 may be measured by the strain gauge 408 b in order to monitor and control various processes, such as firing of staples 423 from reload 400; monitor forces during a firing and formation of the staples 423 as the staples 423 are being ejected from reload 400; optimize formation of the staples 423 (e.g., staple crimp height) as the staples 423 are being ejected from reload 400 for different indications of tissue; and monitor and control a firing of the annular knife of reload 400.

With reference to FIG. 8 , the strain gauge 408 b of adapter assembly 200 is disposed within a strain gauge housing 320. The strain gauge 408 b measures and monitors the retraction of trocar member 274 as well as the ejection and formation of the staples 423 from the reload 400. During the closing of end effector 300, when anvil assembly 500 contacts tissue, an obstruction, a tissue-contacting surface of the reload 400, staple ejection, or the like, a reaction force is exerted on anvil assembly 500 which is in a generally distal direction. This distally directed reaction force is communicated from anvil assembly 500 to the strain gauge 408 b. The strain gauge 408 b then communicates signals to main controller circuit board 142 of power handle 101 of handle assembly 100. Graphics (FIG. 8 ) are then displayed on the display 146 of handle assembly 100 to provide the user with real-time information related to the status of the firing of handle assembly 100.

The trocar assembly 270 is axially and rotationally fixed within outer tube 206 of adapter assembly 200. With reference to FIG. 8 , adapter assembly 200 includes a support block 292 fixedly disposed within outer tube 206. The strain gauge housing 320 is disposed between the support block 292 and a connector sleeve 290. The reload 400 is removably coupled to the connector sleeve 290.

In operation, strain gauge 408 b of adapter assembly 200 measures and monitors the retraction of trocar member 274, which passes through the strain gauge 408 b. The strain gauge 408 b of adapter assembly 200 also measures and monitors ejection of the staples 423 from the reload 400, since the first and second flexible bands 255 a, 255 b also pass through the strain gauge 408 b. During clamping, stapling and cutting, a reaction force is exerted on anvil assembly 500 and the reload 400, which is communicated to support block 292, which then communicates the reaction force to a strain sensor of the strain gauge 408 b.

Strain sensor of strain gauge 408 b may be any device configured to measure strain (a dimensionless quantity) on an object that it is adhered to (e.g., support block 292), such that, as the object deforms, a metallic foil of the strain sensor is also deformed, causing an electrical resistance thereof to change, which change in resistance is then used to calculate loads experienced by trocar assembly 270. Strain gauge 408 b provides a closed-loop feedback to a firing/clamping load exhibited by first, second and third force/rotation transmitting/converting assemblies.

Strain sensor of strain gauge 408 b then communicates signals to main controller circuit board 142. Graphics are then displayed on display 146 of power-pack core assembly 106 of handle assembly 100 to provide the user with real-time information related to the status of the firing of handle assembly 100. Strain gauge 408 b is also electrically connected to the electrical connector 312 (FIG. 3 ) via proximal and distal harness assemblies 314, 316.

For further details regarding the construction and operation of the circular stapler and its components, reference may be made to International Application Publication No. PCT/US2019/040440, filed on Jul. 3, 2019, the entire contents of which being incorporated by reference herein.

During operation, the anvil assembly 500 (already positioned by surgeon) is attached to the trocar member 274 and the user begins the clamping process on the tissue interposed between reload 400 and the anvil assembly 500 by pressing on the bottom of the toggle control button 30. During clamping, the anvil assembly 500 is retracted toward the reload 400 until reaching a preset, fully clamped position, namely a position of the anvil assembly 500 at which the tissue is fully clamped between the anvil assembly 500 and the reload 400. The preset, fully clamped position varies for each of the different types of reloads. While clamping, the strain gauge 408 b continuously provides measurements to the main controller 147 on the force imparted on the trocar member 274 as it moves the anvil assembly 500 to clamp tissue between the anvil assembly 500 and the reload 400.

The user commences a surgical procedure by positioning the adapter assembly 200, including the trocar member 274 and the anvil assembly 510, within the colorectal or upper gastrointestinal region. The user presses the toggle control button 30 to extend the trocar member 274 until it pierces tissue. After extension of the trocar member 274, the anvil assembly 510 that was previously positioned by surgeon is attached to the trocar member 274 and the user begins the clamping process on the tissue interposed between reload 400 and the anvil assembly 510 by pressing on the bottom portion of the toggle control button 30. Once clamping is successfully completed, the user initiates the stapling sequence.

To initiate stapling sequence, the user presses one of the safety buttons 36 of the power handle 101, which acts as a safety and arms the toggle control button 30, allowing it to commence stapling. Upon activation of the safety button 36, a rotation verification calibration check is performed. The display 146 transitions to the stapling sequence display, which includes a circle illustrating an animated view of a circular anastomosis, a progress bar, and a staple icon. The stapling sequence screen is displayed until user initiates the stapling sequence, exits the stapling sequence, or unclamps.

To commence the stapling sequence, the user presses down on the toggle control button 30, which moves the stapling transmission assembly 250 to convert rotation to linear motion and to eject and form staples 423 from circular reload 400. In particular, during the firing sequence, the first motor 152 a advances the driver 434 using the stapling transmission assembly 250. The force imparted on the stapling transmission assembly 250 is monitored by the strain gauge 408 b. The process is deemed complete once the stapling transmission assembly 250 reaches a target staple position corresponding to the staple stroke information stored on the storage device 402 of the reload 400 and a force compensation factor detected by the strain gauge 408 b. This indicates that the staples 423 have been successfully ejected and deformed against the anvil assembly 510.

With reference to FIG. 9 , which schematically illustrates the travel distance and speed of the first motor 152 a as it advances the driver 434 within the reload 400. The staple driver is initially advanced from a first position 608 (e.g., hardstop) at a first speed for a first segment from the first position 608 to a second position 610 (e.g., base position). From the second position 610, the driver 434 is advanced at a second speed, slower than the first speed, until it reaches a third position 612 (e.g., target staple position), to eject the staples 423.

After reaching the second position 610, the first motor 152 a is operated at the second, slower speed to eject the staples 423 from the reload 400. During the second segment, as the staples 423 are ejected from the reload 400 to staple tissue, the main controller 147 continually monitors the strain measured by the strain gauge 408 b and determines whether the force corresponding to the measured strain is between a minimum stapling force and a maximum stapling force. The stapling force range may be stored in the storage device 402 of the reload 400 and used by the main controller 147 during the stapling sequence. Determination whether the measured force is below the minimum stapling force is used to verify that the staples 423 are present in the reload 400. In addition, a low force may be also indicative of a failure of the strain gauge 408 b. If the measured force is below the minimum stapling force, then the main controller 147 signals the first motor 152 a to retract the driver 434 to the second position 610. The main controller 147 also displays a sequence on the display 146 instructing the user the steps to exit stapling sequence and retract the anvil assembly 510. After removing the anvil assembly 510, the user may replace the circular adapter assembly 200 and the reload 400 and restart the stapling process.

If the measured force is above the maximum stapling force, which may be about 580 lbs., the main controller 147 stops the first motor 152 a and displays a sequence on the display 146 instructing the user the steps to exit the stapling sequence. However, the user may still continue the stapling process without force limit detection by pressing on the toggle control button 30.

The main controller 147 determines that the stapling process is completed successfully, if the first motor 152 a reached a third position 612 associated with stapled tissue and during this movement the measured strain was within the minimum and maximum stapling force limits. Thereafter, the first motor 152 a retracts the driver 434 to a fourth position 614 to release pressure on the tissue prior to starting the cutting sequence.

With reference to FIG. 10 , which schematically illustrates the travel distance and speed of the second motor 152 b as it advances the knife assembly 440. The knife assembly 440 is initially advanced from a first position 616 at a first speed for a first segment from the first position 616 until a second position 618. From the second position 618, the knife assembly 440 is advanced at a second speed, slower than the first speed, until it reaches a third position 620, to cut the stapled tissue.

During the first segment, the second motor 152 b advances the knife assembly 440 until the knife assembly 440 contacts the stapled tissue. After reaching the second position 618, the third motor 154 is operated at the second, slower speed to cut the stapled tissue. As the knife assembly 440 is advanced to cut tissue, the main controller 147 continually monitors the strain measured by the strain gauge assembly 320 and determines whether the force corresponding to the measured strain is between a target cutting force and a maximum cutting force. The target cutting force and the maximum cutting force may be stored in the storage device 405 of the reload 400 and used by the main controller 147 during cutting sequence. If the target cutting force is not reached during the cutting sequence, which is indicative of improper cutting, then the main controller 147 signals the second motor 152 b retract the knife assembly 440 allowing the user to open the reload 400 and abort the cutting sequence. The main controller 147 also displays a sequence on the display 146 indicating to the user the steps to exit the cutting sequence and retract the anvil assembly 510. After removing the anvil assembly 510, the user may replace the circular adapter assembly 200 and the reload 400 and restart the stapling process. If the measured force is above the maximum cutting force, the main controller 147 stops the second motor 152 b and displays a sequence on the display 146 instructing the user to exit the cutting sequence.

With reference to FIGS. 11 and 12 , the powered circular stapler 10 is configured to operate during stapling and cutting processes in the event that the main controller 147 is no longer receiving data from the strain gauge 408 b, e.g., due to failure of the strain gauge 408 b, an input/output error between the strain gauge 408 b and the main controller 147, etc. FIG. 10 illustrates a process for operating the powered circular stapler 10 during the stapling process if sensor data flow is interrupted. Initially, the stapling process is commenced by toggling the control button 30. Interruption in the sensor data may be defined as lack of sensor data for a predetermined period of time, i.e., from about 1 second to about 5 seconds, such that temporary interruptions do not trigger the main controller 147 to take remedial actions. During the stapling process, the main controller 147 continuously receives strain data from the strain gauge 408 b. As used herein, “continuously” denotes sampling and/or polling of the strain gauge 408 b at any suitable rate. If the data flow is uninterrupted, the main controller 147 continues the stapling process as described above with respect to FIG. 9 . However, if the strain data flow is interrupted for any reason, the main controller 147 then verifies whether the staple driver 434 is at a threshold position 611, which is between the second position 612 and the third position 614. The threshold position 611 may be based on the size of the lumen, i.e., circumference of the reload 400, as well as sensor data collected during a tissue clamping process. Distance verification is based on distance data from an encoder or any other suitable position sensor. Thus, if the strain data flow is interrupted prior to the staple driver 434 reaching the threshold position 611, the stapling process is terminated and the staple driver 434 is retracted. However, if the strain data flow is interrupted while the staple driver 434 is being advanced from the threshold position 611 to the third position 614, then the main controller 147 continues the stapling process and the staple driver 434 is advanced in an uninterrupted manner. Once the staple driver 434 reaches the third position 612, the retraction process of the staple driver is performed as described above with respect to FIG. 9 .

FIG. 12 illustrates a process for operating the powered circular stapler 10 during the cutting process if sensor data flow is disrupted. During the cutting process, just as during the stapling process, the main controller 147 continuously receives strain data from the strain gauge 408 b. If the data flow is uninterrupted, the main controller 147 continues the cutting process as described above with respect to FIG. 10 . However, if the strain data flow is interrupted for any reason, the main controller 147 then verifies whether the knife assembly 440 is at the second position 618 (e.g., base position), which corresponds to a threshold position. The threshold position may be based on the size of the lumen, i.e., circumference of the reload 400, as well as sensor data collected during a tissue clamping process. Thus, if the strain data flow is interrupted prior to the knife assembly 440 reaching or being at the threshold position, the cutting process is terminated and the knife assembly 440 is retracted. However, if the strain data flow is interrupted while the knife assembly 440 is being advanced from the second position 618 i.e., past the threshold position, to the third position 620 corresponding to cut completion, then the main controller 147 continues the cutting process and the knife assembly 440 is advanced in an uninterrupted manner. Once the knife assembly 440 reaches the third position 618, the retraction process is performed as described above with respect to FIG. 10 . If the sensor data is interrupted during the stapling process, the cutting process may also be carried as described above. This allows for the stapling and cutting processes to be completed even in the event of sensor data interruption.

It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments of the presently disclosed adapter assemblies. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

In one or more examples, the described techniques may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium and executed by a hardware-based processing unit. Computer-readable media may include non-transitory computer-readable media, which corresponds to a tangible medium such as data storage media (e.g., RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer).

Instructions may be executed by one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Accordingly, the term “processor” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure or any other physical structure suitable for implementation of the described techniques. Also, the techniques could be fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A surgical device comprising: a power source; a motor coupled to the power source; a transmission assembly movable by the motor; a sensor configured to monitor operation of the transmission assembly and output sensor data; a controller configured to: determine position of the transmission assembly; and operate the motor based on the position of the transmission assembly and an interruption in the sensor data.
 2. The surgical device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to: operate the motor to complete a process in response to the position of the transmission assembly being at or beyond a threshold position.
 3. The surgical device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to: operate the motor to terminate a process in response to the position of the transmission assembly being below the threshold position and the interruption in the sensor data.
 4. The surgical device according to claim 3, further comprising: a reload configured to selectively couple to the transmission assembly, the reload including a plurality of staples ejectable from the reload by the transmission assembly.
 5. The surgical device according to claim 4, wherein the reload further includes a cutting assembly.
 6. The surgical device according to claim 5, wherein completing the process includes advancing the transmission assembly and at least one of ejecting the plurality of staples or advancing the cutting assembly.
 7. The surgical device according to claim 6, wherein terminating the process includes retracting the transmission assembly.
 8. The surgical device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor includes a strain gauge.
 9. The surgical device according to claim 8, wherein the strain gauge is configured to measure force imparted on the transmission assembly.
 10. A surgical device comprising: a power source; a motor coupled to the power source; a reload including a plurality of staples ejectable from the reload and a cutting assembly; a stapling transmission assembly movable by the motor to eject the plurality of staples; a cutting transmission assembly movable by the motor to advance the cutting assembly; a sensor configured to monitor operation of the stapling transmission assembly and the cutting transmission assembly and to output sensor data; a controller configured to: determine position of the stapling transmission assembly and the cutting transmission assembly; operate the motor to move the stapling transmission assembly based on the position of the stapling transmission assembly and an interruption in the sensor data; and operate the motor to move the cutting transmission assembly based on the position of the cutting transmission assembly and an interruption in the sensor data.
 11. The surgical device according to claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to: operate the motor to complete a stapling process in response to the position of the stapling transmission assembly being at or beyond a threshold position.
 12. The surgical device according to claim 11, wherein completing the process includes advancing the stapling transmission assembly to eject the plurality of staples.
 13. The surgical device according to claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to: operate the motor to terminate the stapling process in response to the position of the stapling transmission assembly being below the threshold position and the interruption in the sensor data.
 14. The surgical device according to claim 13, wherein terminating the process includes retracting the stapling transmission assembly.
 15. The surgical device according to claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to: operate the motor to complete a cutting process in response to the position of the cutting transmission assembly being at or beyond a threshold position.
 16. The surgical device according to claim 15, wherein completing the process includes advancing the cutting transmission assembly to advance the cutting assembly.
 17. The surgical device according to claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to: operate the motor to terminate the cutting process in response to the position of the cutting transmission assembly being below the threshold position and the interruption in the sensor data.
 18. The surgical device according to claim 17, wherein terminating the process includes retracting the cutting transmission assembly.
 19. The surgical device according to claim 10, wherein the sensor includes a strain gauge.
 20. The surgical device according to claim 19, wherein the strain gauge is configured to measure force imparted on the stapling transmission assembly and the cutting transmission assembly. 